Diphtheria

Diphtheria is caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. It spreads easily through respiratory droplets from coughs or sneezes, or by direct contact with an infected person or contaminated items such as bedding or clothing. Prolonged or close contact with someone who has the condition or is carrying the bacteria significantly increases the risk of transmission—for instance, living in the same household.

While diphtheria is rare in England thanks to widespread vaccination, it remains a concern in regions where vaccination coverage is lower, such as parts of Africa, South Asia, and the former Soviet Union. Travellers to these areas should take extra precautions, as exposure to the infection is more likely.

Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Polio Vaccine in Manchester

Symptoms

The symptoms of diphtheria can range from mild to severe and usually develop within 2-5 days of exposure. Common signs include:

  • A thick, grey-white coating at the back of the throat
  • A high temperature (fever) of 38°C (100.4°F) or above
  • Sore throat
  • Breathing difficulties

In severe cases, diphtheria can lead to life-threatening complications, such as inflammation of the heart (myocarditis), nerve damage, or severe breathing difficulties. Tragically, 5-10% of individuals who contract diphtheria may die due to these complications.

Older adults and those with weakened immune systems are at greater risk of severe outcomes, making vaccination even more critical for these groups.

Vaccination

The diphtheria vaccine is part of a combination vaccine that often includes protection against tetanus and polio (DTP or Td/IPV). The vaccine is safe, well-tolerated, and highly effective in boosting your immunity against diphtheria.

Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent diphtheria. In the UK, all children receive the diphtheria vaccine as part of the routine childhood immunisation programme. This provides excellent protection against the disease during early years and beyond.

However, immunity can decrease over time. For adults, particularly those travelling to areas where diphtheria is more common, a diphtheria vaccine booster is recommended to ensure ongoing protection. Travellers should check their vaccination status well in advance of their trip to avoid unnecessary risks.

When you visit Manchester Travel Clinics, our experienced healthcare professionals will assess your vaccination history and travel plans to determine if you need a booster. The vaccination process is quick, and our team ensures you feel comfortable and informed throughout.

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Book your appointment with us today to receive your diphtheria vaccine and other essential travel vaccinations. Let us help you travel with confidence and peace of mind.

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